Iran Hyrcanian forests

The Hyrcanian forests of Iran, registered with UNESCO, are located in seven provinces along the Caspian Sea. These forests, found in both Iran and Azerbaijan, are among the most significant biosphere regions in the world and play an effective role in shaping the cycle of life. Unique species of flora and fauna have evolved in the Hyrcanian forests over time, with unfortunately some now extinct. The particular location of these forests along the Caspian Sea and surrounding mountains creates a unique climatic condition for plant and animal species not found in forests elsewhere.

Scientists estimate the age of the Hyrcanian forests, which cover an area of approximately 2.125 million hectares, to be around 40 million years old, dating back to the Tertiary period. Overall, the Hyrcanian forests constitute only 1% of Iran’s land area, with only 10% of these forests being protected. They act like a massive air purification factory, playing a significant role in producing oxygen and clean air for the surrounding areas. Notable Hyrcanian forests in Iran include the forests of Alimestan in Amol, Abr in Shahroud, Bula in Sari, Vaz in Noor, Kojur in Nowshahr, Lisar in Talesh, Chaharbagh in Chalus, and Khoshkedaran in Tonekabon.